Naming+Molecular+Compounds (pdf) - CliffsNotes (2024)

Naming Molecular Compounds 1Naming Molecular Compounds How are the chemical formula and name of a molecular compound related? Why? When you began chemistry class this year, you probably already knew that the chemical formula for car- bon dioxide was CO2. Today you will find out why CO2 is named that way. Naming chemical compounds correctly is of paramount importance. The slight difference between the names carbon monoxide (CO, a poisonous, deadly gas) and carbon dioxide (CO2 , a greenhouse gas that we exhale when we breathe out) can be the difference between life and death! In this activity you will learn the naming system for molecu- lar compounds. Model 1 - Molecular Compounds Molecular FormulaNumber of Atoms of First ElementNumber of Atoms of Second Element Name of Compound ClFChlorine monofluoride ClF5 15Chlorine pentafluoride COCarbon monoxide CO2 Carbon dioxide Cl2 ODichlorine monoxide PCl5 Phosphorus pentachlroride N2O5 Dinitrogen pentoxide 1. Fill in the table to indicate the number of atoms of each type in the molecular formula. 2. Examine the molecular formulas given in Model 1 for various molecular compounds. a.How many different elementsare present in each compound shown? b.Do the compounds combine metals with metals, metals with nonmetals, or nonmetals with nonmetals? c.Based on your answer to b, what type of bonding must be involved in molecular compounds? 3. Find all of the compounds in Model 1 that have chlorine and fluorine in them. Explain why the name "chlorine fluoride" is not sufficient to identify a specific compound. 4. Assuming that the name of the compound gives a clue to its molecular formula, predict how many atoms each of these prefixes indicates, and provide two examples. mono- di- penta- II nI I 2 2 I 5 2 S 2 nonmetals wi nonmetals covalent it doesn'tspecify which compound carbon monoxide bromine monochloride 2 carbondioxide dihydrogenmonoxide 5 phosphorus pentacuoride dinitrogen pentaoxide

2 POGIL™Activities for High School Chemistry Model 2 - Prefixes and Suffixes PrefixNumerical ValueMolecular Formula Name of Compound mono-BCl 3 Boron trichloride di-SF 6 Sulfur hexafluoride tri-IF 7 Iodine heptafluoride tetra-NI 3 Nitrogen triiodide penta-N2O 4 Dinitrogen tetroxide hexa-Cl2 O Dichlorine monoxide hepta-P4O 10 Tetraphosphorus decoxide octa-B5H 9 Pentaboron nonahydride nona-Br3O 8 Tribromine octoxide deca-ClF Chlorine monofluoride 5. Examine the prefixes in Model 2. Fill in the numerical value that corresponds to each prefix. 6. What suffix (ending) do all the compound names in Model 2 have in common? 7. Carefully examine the names of the compounds in Model 2. When is a prefix NOT used in front of the name of an element? 8. Consider the compound NO. a.Which element, nitrogen or oxygen, would require a prefix in the molecule name? Explain your answer. b.Name the molecule NO. 9. Find two compounds in Model 2 that contain a subscript of "4" in their molecular formula. a.List the formulas and names for the two compounds. b.What is different about the spelling of the prefix meaning "four" in these two names? I 2 i 5 6 7 8 9 10 ide monoisn'tusedwhen thereisatomof the first element oxygenrequires man becauseits the 2nd element nitrogen doesntrequire men because its the 1st element nitrogen monoxide tetroxide Moo tetra phosphorus Neo dinitrogen aecoxide tetroxide tetra phosphorus

Naming Molecular Compounds 310. Find two compounds in Model 2 that contain the prefix "mono-" in their names. a.List the formulas and names for the two compounds. b.What is different about the spelling of the prefix meaning "one" in these two names? 11. Identify any remaining names of compounds in Model 2 where the prefixes that do not exactly match the spelling shown in the prefix table. 12. Use your answers to Questions 9-11 to write a guideline for how and when to modify a prefix name for a molecular compound. Come to a consensus within your group. 13. Would the guideline you wrote for Question 12 give you the correct name for NI3 as it is given in Model 2? If not, modify your guideline to include this example. 14. All of the compounds listed in Model 2 are binary molecular compounds. Compounds such as CH3OH or PF2Cl3are not binary, and compounds such as NaCl or CaCl2 are not molecular. Propose a definition for "binary molecular compounds." 15. Collaborate with your group members to write a list of rules for recognizing and naming binary molecular compounds from their chemical formulas. Cif chlorine monotinoride C20 dichloride monoxide monofluoride my oxide Brostri bromineoctoxide RDio tetra phosphorus decoxide iftheelementstartswith oandtheprefixendsin a or odropthe last vowelof prefix yes nitrogen trioxide 2nonmetalsbeing heldtogether by acovalent bond replace last vowel ieelementstarts wi vowel if elementshares vowelwilastprefix keep vowel

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